To learn about how cells are structured, how they work, and what properties they have, students may complete in a program in cell biology. Courses in a program like this may include genetics, calculus, organic chemistry and biochemistry.

A PhD, or Doctorate of Philosophy, is the highest degree awarded in many academic fields. Generally requiring a research project and dissertation, as well as several years of study, a doctorate degree qualifies the holder as an expert in a chosen field.